Abbreviations
18wUSE 18-week ultrasound exam (a.k.a. routine 18wUSE)
AC abdominal circumference (fetal metric)
ACOG American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
ADD actual date of delivery
AGA appropriate for gestational age
AIUM American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine
a.k.a. also known as
ALLEA European Federation of Academies of Sciences and Humanities (All European Academies)
APRIN Association for the Promotion of Research Integrity (Japan)
BM U.K. Bachelor of Medicine = Norway's Cand.Med = U.S. MD
BMUS British Medical Ultrasound Society
BPD biparietal diameter (ear-to-ear skull diameter, fetal metric)
cand. med. Norwegian Candidate of Medicine = U.K. BM = U.S. MD
CEA cost-effectiveness assessment
CESDI Confidential Enquiry into Stillbirths and Deaths in Infancy
CI cephalic index = BPD/OFD x 100; ratio to quantify head shape
CI confidence interval
COPE Committee on Publication Ethics
CRL crown rump length (fetal metric)
CSE Council of Science Editors
DNLF Den Norske Legeforening (The Norwegian Medical Association, also the name of the associated medical journal)
DRP Detrimental Research Practices
dr.med Norwegian Doctor Medicinæ = U.K. Med.Sc.D. ≈ U.S. MD, Phd
EBW estimated birth weight
ECV external cephalic version (external, manual procedure to turn a fetus from breech to vertex for vaginal delivery; see UpToDate)
EDD estimated date of delivery or estimated delivery day
EIHP evidence-informed health policymaking
ENERI European Network of Research Ethics and Research Integrity
ENRIO European Network of Research Integrity Officers
EUREC European Network of Research Ethics Committees
EUnetHTA European Network for Health Technology Assessment
EUS early ultrasound (Canada)
FEK Norwegian National Research Ethics Committees (Nasjonale forskningsetiske komiteene)
FET frozen embryo transfer (IVF method)
FGR fetal growth restriction (same as IUGR)
FHI Nasjonalt folkehelseinstitutt (same as Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH))
FL femur length (fetal metric)
FUD fear, uncertainty and doubt
GA gestational age
GEL greatest embryonic length (embryonic/fetal metric)
GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations -- GRADE is Cochrane's recommended approach.)
GRU National Committee for the Investigation of Research Misconduct (Granskingsutvalget)
HC head circumfrence (fetal metric)
hCG human chorionic gonadotropin ("the pregnancy hormone")
Hdir Norwegian Health Directorate (Helsedirektoratet)
HOD Norwegian Ministry of Health and Care Services (Helse- og omsorgsdepartementet)
HSPM Health Systems & Policy Monitor (see Terminology, Definitions & Explanations)
HTA Health Technology Assessment (see Terminology, Definitions & Explanations)
HTAi Health Technology Assessment international
ICMJE International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (commonly known as 'Vancouver Group')
ICSI intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF method)
IKT Informasjons- og kommunikasjonsteknologi (Information and communication technology)
INAHTA International Network of Agencies for Health Technology Assessment
IQR interquartile range or interquantile range (a robust measure of the spread or deviation of a distribution)
ISUOG International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology (UOG is the official journal)
ITD interval to delivery (ITD days = ADD - USD)
IUGR intrauterine growth restriction (intrauterin veksthemming) (same as FGR)
IVF in vitro fertilization
IVFD in vitro fertilization date (key pregnancy date)
LBW low birth weight (<2500 grams)
LGA large for gestational age
LH luteinizing hormone (peak surge signals ovulation imminent)
LMP last menstrual period
LMPD last menstrual period date (key pregnancy date)
LMPD/OTPD/SCID combined, fully corroborating, factual key pregnancy dates to establish the beginning of pregnancy and, thereby, GA & EDD; only IVF could be more accurate, but only in terms of hours, not weeks and days.
MAD mean abdominal diameter (fetal metric)
MAD/mad median absolute deviation
MBRN Medical Birth Registry of Norway
MPMD Menstrual-period-missed date (key pregnancy date)
NCFM National Center for Fetal Medicine (Nasjonalt senter for fostermedisin (NSFM), Trondheim, Norway ["The National Center for Fetal Medicine was formally shut down July 7, 2011. National Treatment Service for Advanced Invasive Fetal Medicine [(Nasjonal behandlingstjeneste for avansert invasiv fostermedisin)] was approved by new regulations and new working rules on the same day." (Source: Evaluering av nasjonal- og flerregional behandlingstjenester 2014, Navn på tjenesten: Nasjonal behandlingstjeneste for avansert invasiv fostermedisin, Lokalisering: St. Olavs Hospital HF)]
NCPRE National Center for Professional & Research Ethics (Illinois, U.S.)
NEM National Committee for Medical and Health Research Ethics (Nasjonale forskningsetiske komité for medisin og helsefag)
NENT National Committee for Research Ethics in Science and Technology (Nasjonale forskningsetiske komité for naturvitenskap og teknologi)
NESH National Committee for Research Ethics in the Social Sciences and the Humanities (Nasjonale forskningsetiske komite for samfunnsvitenskap og humaniora)
NGF Norsk gynekologisk forening (Norwegian Society of Gynecology & Obstetrics)
NICE National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (U.K.)
NICU Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
NIH National Institutes of Health (U.S.)
NIPH Norwegian Institute of Public Health (same as FHI Nasjonalt folkehelseinstitutt)
NMA Norwegian Medical Association
NOKC Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services (Nasjonalt kunnskapssenter for helsetjenesten) [Note: In January of 2016, NOKC separated from Directorate of Health and joined the Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH) and is now NIPH Division of Health Services.]
NPE Norwegian System of Patient Injury Compensation
NSF National Science Foundation (U.S.)
NSFM Nasjonalt senter for fostermedisin (National Center for Fetal Medicine) [See: NCFM]
NTNU Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universite (Norwegian University of Science and Technology)
OFD occipitofrontal diamater (back-to-front skull diameter, fetal metric)
OR odds ratio
ORI Office of Research Integrity (U.S.)
OTPD ovulation-test-positive date (key pregnancy date)
PAPPA pregnancy-associated plasma protein A
PDEE Population-based Direct EDD Estimation (Hutchon Method of PDEE)
PRINTEGER Promoting Integrity as an Integral Dimension of Excellence in Research
QRP Questionable Research Practices
RCR Responsible Conduct of Research
REK Regional Committees for Medical and Health Research Ethics (Regionale komiteene for medisinsk og helsefaglig forskningsetikk)
RHF Regionale helseforetak (Regional Health Business)
RINO Research Integrity in Norway Project
RW Retraction Watch (www.RetractionWatch.com)
SBU Swedish Council on Health Technology Assessment
SCID single-coitus-insemination date (key pregnancy date)
SGA small for gestational age
SMFM Society for Maternal · Fetal Medicine
SMM Norwegian Centre for Health Technology Assessment (Senter for medisinsk metodevurdering) [Replaced by NOKC]
SR systematic review (e.g., of studies in the literature)
TUL Norwegian EDD policy defined as: term according to unilateral ultrasound (ultralyd); all other available evidence is obviated
UDI Norwegian Directorate of Immigration (Utlendingsdirektoratet)
UiB University of Bergen
UiO University of Oslo
UiT University of Tromsø – The Arctic University of Norway
UKRI UK Research and Innovation
UKRIO UK Research Integrity Office
UL ultralyd (ultrasound)
UOG Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology (also known as The White Journal), the official journal of ISUOG)
US ultrasound (ultralyd)
USD ultrasound date
WAME World Association of Medical Editors
WHO World Health Organisation
ZIFT zygote intrafallopian transfer (IVF method)
AC abdominal circumference (fetal metric)
ACOG American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
ADD actual date of delivery
AGA appropriate for gestational age
AIUM American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine
a.k.a. also known as
ALLEA European Federation of Academies of Sciences and Humanities (All European Academies)
APRIN Association for the Promotion of Research Integrity (Japan)
BM U.K. Bachelor of Medicine = Norway's Cand.Med = U.S. MD
BMUS British Medical Ultrasound Society
BPD biparietal diameter (ear-to-ear skull diameter, fetal metric)
cand. med. Norwegian Candidate of Medicine = U.K. BM = U.S. MD
CEA cost-effectiveness assessment
CESDI Confidential Enquiry into Stillbirths and Deaths in Infancy
CI cephalic index = BPD/OFD x 100; ratio to quantify head shape
CI confidence interval
COPE Committee on Publication Ethics
CRL crown rump length (fetal metric)
CSE Council of Science Editors
DNLF Den Norske Legeforening (The Norwegian Medical Association, also the name of the associated medical journal)
DRP Detrimental Research Practices
dr.med Norwegian Doctor Medicinæ = U.K. Med.Sc.D. ≈ U.S. MD, Phd
EBW estimated birth weight
ECV external cephalic version (external, manual procedure to turn a fetus from breech to vertex for vaginal delivery; see UpToDate)
EDD estimated date of delivery or estimated delivery day
EIHP evidence-informed health policymaking
ENERI European Network of Research Ethics and Research Integrity
ENRIO European Network of Research Integrity Officers
EUREC European Network of Research Ethics Committees
EUnetHTA European Network for Health Technology Assessment
EUS early ultrasound (Canada)
FEK Norwegian National Research Ethics Committees (Nasjonale forskningsetiske komiteene)
FET frozen embryo transfer (IVF method)
FGR fetal growth restriction (same as IUGR)
FHI Nasjonalt folkehelseinstitutt (same as Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH))
FL femur length (fetal metric)
FUD fear, uncertainty and doubt
GA gestational age
GEL greatest embryonic length (embryonic/fetal metric)
GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations -- GRADE is Cochrane's recommended approach.)
GRU National Committee for the Investigation of Research Misconduct (Granskingsutvalget)
HC head circumfrence (fetal metric)
hCG human chorionic gonadotropin ("the pregnancy hormone")
Hdir Norwegian Health Directorate (Helsedirektoratet)
HOD Norwegian Ministry of Health and Care Services (Helse- og omsorgsdepartementet)
HSPM Health Systems & Policy Monitor (see Terminology, Definitions & Explanations)
HTA Health Technology Assessment (see Terminology, Definitions & Explanations)
HTAi Health Technology Assessment international
ICMJE International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (commonly known as 'Vancouver Group')
ICSI intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF method)
IKT Informasjons- og kommunikasjonsteknologi (Information and communication technology)
INAHTA International Network of Agencies for Health Technology Assessment
IQR interquartile range or interquantile range (a robust measure of the spread or deviation of a distribution)
ISUOG International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology (UOG is the official journal)
ITD interval to delivery (ITD days = ADD - USD)
IUGR intrauterine growth restriction (intrauterin veksthemming) (same as FGR)
IVF in vitro fertilization
IVFD in vitro fertilization date (key pregnancy date)
LBW low birth weight (<2500 grams)
LGA large for gestational age
LH luteinizing hormone (peak surge signals ovulation imminent)
LMP last menstrual period
LMPD last menstrual period date (key pregnancy date)
LMPD/OTPD/SCID combined, fully corroborating, factual key pregnancy dates to establish the beginning of pregnancy and, thereby, GA & EDD; only IVF could be more accurate, but only in terms of hours, not weeks and days.
MAD mean abdominal diameter (fetal metric)
MAD/mad median absolute deviation
MBRN Medical Birth Registry of Norway
MPMD Menstrual-period-missed date (key pregnancy date)
NCFM National Center for Fetal Medicine (Nasjonalt senter for fostermedisin (NSFM), Trondheim, Norway ["The National Center for Fetal Medicine was formally shut down July 7, 2011. National Treatment Service for Advanced Invasive Fetal Medicine [(Nasjonal behandlingstjeneste for avansert invasiv fostermedisin)] was approved by new regulations and new working rules on the same day." (Source: Evaluering av nasjonal- og flerregional behandlingstjenester 2014, Navn på tjenesten: Nasjonal behandlingstjeneste for avansert invasiv fostermedisin, Lokalisering: St. Olavs Hospital HF)]
NCPRE National Center for Professional & Research Ethics (Illinois, U.S.)
NEM National Committee for Medical and Health Research Ethics (Nasjonale forskningsetiske komité for medisin og helsefag)
NENT National Committee for Research Ethics in Science and Technology (Nasjonale forskningsetiske komité for naturvitenskap og teknologi)
NESH National Committee for Research Ethics in the Social Sciences and the Humanities (Nasjonale forskningsetiske komite for samfunnsvitenskap og humaniora)
NGF Norsk gynekologisk forening (Norwegian Society of Gynecology & Obstetrics)
NICE National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (U.K.)
NICU Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
NIH National Institutes of Health (U.S.)
NIPH Norwegian Institute of Public Health (same as FHI Nasjonalt folkehelseinstitutt)
NMA Norwegian Medical Association
NOKC Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services (Nasjonalt kunnskapssenter for helsetjenesten) [Note: In January of 2016, NOKC separated from Directorate of Health and joined the Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH) and is now NIPH Division of Health Services.]
NPE Norwegian System of Patient Injury Compensation
NSF National Science Foundation (U.S.)
NSFM Nasjonalt senter for fostermedisin (National Center for Fetal Medicine) [See: NCFM]
NTNU Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universite (Norwegian University of Science and Technology)
OFD occipitofrontal diamater (back-to-front skull diameter, fetal metric)
OR odds ratio
ORI Office of Research Integrity (U.S.)
OTPD ovulation-test-positive date (key pregnancy date)
PAPPA pregnancy-associated plasma protein A
PDEE Population-based Direct EDD Estimation (Hutchon Method of PDEE)
PRINTEGER Promoting Integrity as an Integral Dimension of Excellence in Research
QRP Questionable Research Practices
RCR Responsible Conduct of Research
REK Regional Committees for Medical and Health Research Ethics (Regionale komiteene for medisinsk og helsefaglig forskningsetikk)
RHF Regionale helseforetak (Regional Health Business)
RINO Research Integrity in Norway Project
RW Retraction Watch (www.RetractionWatch.com)
SBU Swedish Council on Health Technology Assessment
SCID single-coitus-insemination date (key pregnancy date)
SGA small for gestational age
SMFM Society for Maternal · Fetal Medicine
SMM Norwegian Centre for Health Technology Assessment (Senter for medisinsk metodevurdering) [Replaced by NOKC]
SR systematic review (e.g., of studies in the literature)
TUL Norwegian EDD policy defined as: term according to unilateral ultrasound (ultralyd); all other available evidence is obviated
UDI Norwegian Directorate of Immigration (Utlendingsdirektoratet)
UiB University of Bergen
UiO University of Oslo
UiT University of Tromsø – The Arctic University of Norway
UKRI UK Research and Innovation
UKRIO UK Research Integrity Office
UL ultralyd (ultrasound)
UOG Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology (also known as The White Journal), the official journal of ISUOG)
US ultrasound (ultralyd)
USD ultrasound date
WAME World Association of Medical Editors
WHO World Health Organisation
ZIFT zygote intrafallopian transfer (IVF method)